Beginning with the First International Exposition of Barcelona in 1888 extending to 1911, Catalan led a cultural movement. The forerunner of this movement without a doubt was architect Anton Gaudi. A second primary influence was Catalan nationalism. This cultural movement is referred to in art history as "Modernism". Although not unlike "Modernism", Catalan Modernism set out to update Catalan arts and the very ideas influencing the movement in hopes of uplifting their own culture to a level rivaling European cultures.
Catalan Modernism is almost entirely defined by the absolute predominance of a curve over a straight line. This is the historical eclectic appeal of nearly every architectural creation attributed to Gaudi. Further finer points add to the mix with rich and enchanting details and the use of natural, vegetal, or other organic motifs.
Most participants were opposed to the 19th century militarism which had sought to topple the Catalan culture. Their very intention was to prevent, preserve, and revive the Catalan way of life. In a seemingly bohemian manner the artistic era was eventually overtaken and the seemingly decadent style was abandoned with the death of those most influential. This destroyed the very heart of the Catalan Modernism movement. A movement which aspired to raise the bar for Catalan arts, crafts, and literature of the time.
The Catalan Modernism movement sought to push back industrialism and the throes of an industrial society were not really adapted during the time of Anton Gaudi. Instead, Gaudi promoted Catalan sovereignty and hoped to reclaim their distinct European identity despite being at the mercy of the Spanish military state. The Catalan political party of the time was known as Regionalist League which Gaudi firmly supported.
The long struggle for Catalan Sovereignty from Spain continues to present day. Throughout history, artists, architects, craftsman, and other Catalan born natives have fought to preserve their unique identity in all aspects of life. Catalan influences are now seen around the world and appear to be gaining strength as the people living in the Catalonia region of Spain continue their struggle for autonomy.
